Instalasi Hardhat 3 - Professional Development Setup

Panduan lengkap setup Hardhat 3 (versi terbaru 2025) untuk pengembangan smart contract secara profesional.

Mengapa Menggunakan Hardhat?

Remix bagus untuk belajar, tapi Hardhat lebih baik untuk:

✅ Menulis automated tests
✅ Deploy ke multiple networks
✅ Bekerja dalam tim
✅ Version control (Git)
✅ Professional workflows
✅ TypeScript support
✅ Modern tooling

Prerequisites (Yang Dibutuhkan)

1. Install Node.js

Minimum Version: Node.js 22 atau lebih tinggi

Check versi Node.js Anda:

node --version
# Harus menampilkan v22.0.0 atau lebih tinggi

npm --version
# Harus menampilkan 7.0.0 atau lebih tinggi

Belum punya Node.js?

Download dari https://nodejs.org
Pilih versi LTS (Long Term Support)
Install sesuai sistem operasi Anda
Restart terminal setelah instalasi

2. Install Code Editor

Rekomendasi: Visual Studio Code

Download dari https://code.visualstudio.com
Install extensions yang berguna:
- Solidity (by Juan Blanco)
- Hardhat Solidity (by Nomic Foundation)
- ESLint
- Prettier

Setup Hardhat 3 Project

Step 1: Buat Folder Project

1. Buat folder baru:

mkdir my-hardhat-project
cd my-hardhat-project

Penjelasan:

mkdir = membuat folder baru (make directory)
cd = masuk ke dalam folder (change directory)

2. Initialize npm project:

npm init -y

Penjelasan:

npm init = membuat file package.json (konfigurasi project)
-y = menjawab "yes" untuk semua pertanyaan secara otomatis

Hasil: File package.json terbuat di folder project Anda

Step 2: Install Hardhat

Install Hardhat sebagai development dependency:

npm install --save-dev hardhat

Penjelasan:

npm install = mengunduh dan menginstall package
--save-dev = menyimpan sebagai development dependency
Proses ini memakan waktu ~30 detik

Tunggu sampai muncul:

added 1 package, and audited 2 packages in 5s

Step 3: Initialize Hardhat Project

1. Jalankan Hardhat initialization wizard:

npx hardhat init

Penjelasan:

npx = menjalankan package yang sudah diinstall
hardhat init = memulai wizard setup Hardhat 3

2. Hardhat 3 Wizard akan muncul:

 _   _               _   _           _     _____
| | | |             | | | |         | |   |____ |
| |_| | __ _ _ __ __| |_| |__   __ _| |_      / /
|  _  |/ _` | '__/ _` | '_ \ / _` | __|     \ \
| | | | (_| | | | (_| | | | | (_| | |_  .___/ /
\_| |_/\__,_|_|  \__,_|_| |_|\__,_|\__| \____/

👷 Welcome to Hardhat v3.0.0 👷‍

? Which version of Hardhat would you like to use? › hardhat-3
? Where would you like to initialize the project? › .
? What type of project would you like to initialize? › node-test-runner-viem
  Hardhat only supports ESM projects. Would you like to turn your project into ESM? (Y/n) › true

3. Pilih opsi berikut:

Pertanyaan	Pilihan	Penjelasan
Hardhat version?	`hardhat-3`	Versi terbaru (2025)
Initialize path?	`.` (Enter)	Gunakan folder saat ini
Project type?	`node-test-runner-viem`	Modern stack dengan Viem
Turn into ESM?	`Y` (Yes)	ECMAScript Modules (modern JS)
Install dependencies?	`Y` (Yes)	Install semua package yang dibutuhkan

Penjelasan:

hardhat-3: Versi terbaru dengan fitur modern
ESM: ECMAScript Modules adalah JavaScript standard modern
node-test-runner-viem: Menggunakan Node.js test runner + Viem library
Viem: Library modern yang lebih cepat dari ethers.js

4. Instalasi dependencies:

✨ Template files copied ✨

Installing dependencies...
added 110 packages, and audited 170 packages in 37s
✨ Dependencies installed ✨

Proses ini:

Menginstall ~110 packages
Memakan waktu 1-2 menit
Ini normal, jangan khawatir!

5. Selesai! Anda akan melihat:

Give Hardhat a star on GitHub if you're enjoying it! 🌟✨
https://github.com/NomicFoundation/hardhat

Step 4: Struktur Project

Setelah setup, folder project Anda akan terlihat seperti ini:

my-hardhat-project/
├── contracts/              # Smart contracts Anda
│   └── Counter.sol        # Sample contract (bisa dihapus)
│   └── Counter.t.sol      # Sample Solidity test (bisa dihapus)
├── ignition/              # Deployment scripts
│   └── modules/
│       └── Counter.ts     # Sample deployment (bisa dihapus)
├── test/                  # Test files (TypeScript)
│   └── Counter.ts         # Sample test (bisa dihapus)
├── scripts/               # Custom scripts
│   └── send-op-tx.ts      # Sample script
├── node_modules/          # Installed packages (jangan diubah!)
├── hardhat.config.ts      # Konfigurasi utama Hardhat
├── package.json           # Project dependencies
├── tsconfig.json          # TypeScript configuration
└── .gitignore            # Git ignore file

Penjelasan setiap folder:

Folder/File	Fungsi
`contracts/`	Tempat menulis smart contracts (.sol)
`Counter.sol`	Sample contract dengan fitur Hardhat 3
`Counter.t.sol`	Solidity test (gaya Foundry, baru di Hardhat 3!)
`ignition/modules/`	Deployment scripts menggunakan Hardhat Ignition
`test/`	Test files dalam TypeScript/JavaScript
`scripts/`	Custom automation scripts
`hardhat.config.ts`	Konfigurasi network, compiler, plugins
`node_modules/`	Package yang diinstall (diabaikan oleh Git)

Note: Hardhat 3 mendukung Solidity tests (.t.sol) DAN TypeScript tests!

Step 5: Bersihkan Sample Files

Hapus file-file sample yang tidak diperlukan:

# Hapus sample contracts
rm contracts/Counter.sol
rm contracts/Counter.t.sol

# Hapus sample deployment
rm ignition/modules/Counter.ts

# Hapus sample test
rm test/Counter.ts

Opsional: Anda bisa menyimpan file-file ini untuk dipelajari nanti.

Konfigurasi untuk Testnet

Step 6: Install Dependencies Tambahan

1. Install dotenv untuk environment variables:

npm install --save-dev dotenv

Penjelasan:

dotenv = memuat secret keys dari file .env
Menjaga private key tetap aman (tidak di-commit ke Git)

2. Install Hardhat Ethers (opsional, untuk compatibility):

npm install --save-dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers ethers

Step 7: Setup Environment Variables

1. Buat file .env:

# Di Windows:
type nul > .env

# Di Mac/Linux:
touch .env

2. Tambahkan private key ke .env:

Buka file .env dan tambahkan:

PRIVATE_KEY=your_private_key_here_without_0x

Cara mendapatkan private key dari MetaMask:

Buka MetaMask extension
Klik 3 titik (⋮) → Account Details
Klik "Show private key"
Masukkan password MetaMask
Copy private key
Paste ke file .env (tanpa "0x" di awal)

⚠️ SANGAT PENTING:

❌ JANGAN PERNAH share private key Anda!
❌ JANGAN commit .env ke Git!
✅ File .gitignore sudah melindunginya
✅ Gunakan testnet wallet, bukan wallet utama

Step 8: Konfigurasi Hardhat untuk Testnet

Edit file hardhat.config.ts:

Ganti semua isi file dengan konfigurasi di bawah ini:

import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import hardhatToolboxViemPlugin from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-viem";
import hardhatIgnitionViemPlugin from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-viem";
import hardhatVerify from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify";
import * as dotenv from "dotenv";

// Load environment variables
dotenv.config();

const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
  // Register Hardhat 3 plugins
  plugins: [
    hardhatToolboxViemPlugin,
    hardhatIgnitionViemPlugin,
    hardhatVerify,
  ],

  // Solidity compiler configuration
  solidity: {
    version: "0.8.30",
    settings: {
      optimizer: {
        enabled: true,
        runs: 200,
      },
    },
  },

  // Network configurations
  networks: {
    // Sepolia Testnet
    sepolia: {
      type: "http",
      url: "https://rpc.sepolia.org",
      accounts: process.env.PRIVATE_KEY ? [`0x${process.env.PRIVATE_KEY}`] : [],
      chainId: 11155111,
    },
  },

  // Chain descriptors untuk block explorer
  chainDescriptors: {
    // Ethereum Sepolia
    11155111: {
      name: "Sepolia",
      blockExplorers: {
        etherscan: {
          name: "Etherscan",
          url: "https://sepolia.etherscan.io",
          apiUrl: "https://api-sepolia.etherscan.io/api",
        },
      },
    },
  },

  // Verification settings
  verify: {
    etherscan: {
      enabled: true,
    },
  },

  // File paths
  paths: {
    sources: "./contracts",
    tests: "./test",
    cache: "./cache",
    artifacts: "./artifacts",
  },
};

export default config;

Penjelasan konfigurasi:

Setting	Penjelasan
`plugins`	Plugin Hardhat 3 yang digunakan
`hardhatToolboxViemPlugin`	Toolbox dengan Viem library
`hardhatIgnitionViemPlugin`	Deployment system Hardhat 3
`hardhatVerify`	Plugin untuk verify contract di block explorer
`solidity.version`	Versi compiler Solidity
`optimizer.enabled`	Optimasi bytecode untuk hemat gas
`type: "http"`	Tipe network (wajib di Hardhat 3)
`networks.sepolia`	Konfigurasi Sepolia testnet
`chainId: 11155111`	Chain ID untuk Sepolia testnet
`chainDescriptors`	Informasi block explorer untuk Etherscan

Buat dan Deploy Smart Contract Pertama

Step 9: Buat Smart Contract Sederhana

1. Buat file contracts/SimpleStorage.sol:

# Di Windows:
type nul > contracts/SimpleStorage.sol

# Di Mac/Linux:
touch contracts/SimpleStorage.sol

2. Isi dengan kode smart contract:

Buka contracts/SimpleStorage.sol di VS Code dan tulis:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.30;

/**
 * @title SimpleStorage
 * @dev Kontrak sederhana untuk menyimpan dan membaca data
 */
contract SimpleStorage {
    // State variable untuk menyimpan angka
    uint256 public favoriteNumber;

    // Event yang di-emit ketika angka berubah
    event NumberChanged(uint256 oldNumber, uint256 newNumber);

    // Struct untuk menyimpan data orang
    struct Person {
        string name;
        uint256 favoriteNumber;
    }

    // Array untuk menyimpan banyak orang
    Person[] public people;

    // Mapping dari nama ke favorite number
    mapping(string => uint256) public nameToFavoriteNumber;

    // Fungsi untuk set favorite number
    function store(uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
        uint256 oldNumber = favoriteNumber;
        favoriteNumber = _favoriteNumber;
        emit NumberChanged(oldNumber, _favoriteNumber);
    }

    // Fungsi untuk retrieve favorite number
    function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
        return favoriteNumber;
    }

    // Fungsi untuk tambah person
    function addPerson(string memory _name, uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
        people.push(Person(_name, _favoriteNumber));
        nameToFavoriteNumber[_name] = _favoriteNumber;
    }

    // Fungsi untuk get total people
    function getTotalPeople() public view returns (uint256) {
        return people.length;
    }
}

Step 10: Compile Contract

Compile smart contract Anda:

npx hardhat compile

Output yang diharapkan:

Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully

Hasil compilation:

File bytecode dan ABI dibuat di folder artifacts/
TypeScript types di-generate otomatis
Error akan ditampilkan jika ada masalah di code

Check hasil compilation:

ls -la artifacts/contracts/SimpleStorage.sol/

Anda akan melihat file SimpleStorage.json yang berisi ABI dan bytecode.

Step 11: Buat Deployment Script

1. Buat file ignition/modules/SimpleStorage.ts:

mkdir -p ignition/modules

2. Isi dengan deployment script:

Buka/buat file ignition/modules/SimpleStorage.ts:

import { buildModule } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition/modules";

/**
 * Hardhat Ignition deployment module untuk SimpleStorage
 */
const SimpleStorageModule = buildModule("SimpleStorageModule", (m) => {
  // Deploy SimpleStorage contract
  const simpleStorage = m.contract("SimpleStorage");

  // Return deployed contract instance
  return { simpleStorage };
});

export default SimpleStorageModule;

Penjelasan:

buildModule = fungsi Hardhat Ignition untuk membuat deployment module
m.contract("SimpleStorage") = deploy contract SimpleStorage
Contract tidak butuh constructor parameters
Return instance untuk digunakan di script lain

Step 12: Dapatkan Testnet ETH

Untuk deploy ke testnet, Anda butuh ETH testnet:

Cara mendapatkan Sepolia ETH:

Opsi 1: Sepolia Faucet (sepoliafaucet.com)

Kunjungi https://sepoliafaucet.com
Paste address wallet Anda
Klik "Request tokens"
Tunggu 30 detik - 1 menit

Opsi 2: Alchemy Sepolia Faucet

Kunjungi https://sepoliafaucet.com
Login dengan akun Alchemy (gratis)
Paste address wallet Anda
Klik "Send Me ETH"

Opsi 3: Infura Sepolia Faucet

Kunjungi https://www.infura.io/faucet/sepolia
Login dengan akun Infura (gratis)
Paste address wallet Anda
Request ETH testnet

Check balance di MetaMask - pastikan ada ETH testnet sebelum deploy.

Step 13: Deploy ke Sepolia Testnet!

Deploy contract ke Sepolia:

npx hardhat ignition deploy ignition/modules/SimpleStorage.ts --network sepolia

Proses deployment:

✔ Confirm deploy to network sepolia (11155111)? … yes

Hardhat Ignition 🚀

Deploying [ SimpleStorageModule ]

Batch #1
  Executed SimpleStorageModule#SimpleStorage

[ SimpleStorageModule ] successfully deployed 🚀

Deployed Addresses

SimpleStorageModule#SimpleStorage - 0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678

🎉 SAVE CONTRACT ADDRESS INI!

Copy address yang muncul
Anda akan butuh untuk interact dengan contract

Step 14: Verify Contract di Block Explorer

Verify contract agar orang lain bisa lihat source code:

npx hardhat verify --network sepolia 0xYourContractAddress

Ganti 0xYourContractAddress dengan address contract Anda!

Output:

Successfully submitted source code for contract
contracts/SimpleStorage.sol:SimpleStorage at 0x1234...
https://sepolia.etherscan.io/address/0x1234...

Buka link tersebut di browser - Anda akan lihat contract verified dengan source code!

Interact dengan Contract

Step 15: Buat Interaction Script

1. Buat file scripts/interact.ts:

import hre from "hardhat";

async function main() {
  // Contract address hasil deployment
  const CONTRACT_ADDRESS = "0xYourContractAddressHere";

  // Get contract instance
  const SimpleStorage = await hre.ethers.getContractAt(
    "SimpleStorage",
    CONTRACT_ADDRESS
  );

  console.log("SimpleStorage contract:", CONTRACT_ADDRESS);
  console.log("");

  // 1. Read initial value
  console.log("📖 Reading initial favorite number...");
  let favoriteNumber = await SimpleStorage.retrieve();
  console.log("Current favorite number:", favoriteNumber.toString());
  console.log("");

  // 2. Store new value
  console.log("💾 Storing new favorite number (42)...");
  const tx1 = await SimpleStorage.store(42);
  await tx1.wait();
  console.log("✅ Stored! Transaction:", tx1.hash);
  console.log("");

  // 3. Read new value
  console.log("📖 Reading updated favorite number...");
  favoriteNumber = await SimpleStorage.retrieve();
  console.log("New favorite number:", favoriteNumber.toString());
  console.log("");

  // 4. Add a person
  console.log("👤 Adding a person...");
  const tx2 = await SimpleStorage.addPerson("Alice", 777);
  await tx2.wait();
  console.log("✅ Person added! Transaction:", tx2.hash);
  console.log("");

  // 5. Get total people
  console.log("📊 Getting total people...");
  const totalPeople = await SimpleStorage.getTotalPeople();
  console.log("Total people:", totalPeople.toString());
  console.log("");

  // 6. Get Alice's favorite number from mapping
  console.log("🔍 Getting Alice's favorite number from mapping...");
  const aliceNumber = await SimpleStorage.nameToFavoriteNumber("Alice");
  console.log("Alice's favorite number:", aliceNumber.toString());
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

2. Update CONTRACT_ADDRESS dengan address contract Anda

3. Run script:

npx hardhat run scripts/interact.ts --network sepolia

Output:

SimpleStorage contract: 0x1234...

📖 Reading initial favorite number...
Current favorite number: 0

💾 Storing new favorite number (42)...
✅ Stored! Transaction: 0xabc...

📖 Reading updated favorite number...
New favorite number: 42

👤 Adding a person...
✅ Person added! Transaction: 0xdef...

📊 Getting total people...
Total people: 1

🔍 Getting Alice's favorite number from mapping...
Alice's favorite number: 777

Hardhat Commands Cheat Sheet

# Compile contracts
npx hardhat compile

# Clean artifacts
npx hardhat clean

# Run tests (jika ada)
npx hardhat test

# Deploy menggunakan Ignition
npx hardhat ignition deploy ignition/modules/YourModule.ts --network <network-name>

# Verify contract
npx hardhat verify --network <network-name> <contract-address>

# Run custom script
npx hardhat run scripts/your-script.ts --network <network-name>

# Check Hardhat version
npx hardhat --version

# Get help
npx hardhat help

Best Practices

Security

✅ Selalu gunakan .env untuk private keys
✅ Tambahkan .env ke .gitignore
✅ Jangan hardcode private keys di code
✅ Gunakan testnet wallet, bukan wallet utama
✅ Test di testnet sebelum deploy ke mainnet

Code Quality

✅ Gunakan TypeScript untuk type safety
✅ Enable compiler optimizer
✅ Write tests untuk setiap fungsi
✅ Verify contracts di block explorer
✅ Add comments di code

Project Structure

✅ Organize contracts di folder yang jelas
✅ Pisahkan deployment scripts per contract
✅ Buat folder tests/ untuk test files
✅ Gunakan Git untuk version control

Troubleshooting

Error: "Module not found"

# Install missing dependencies
npm install

Error: "Invalid private key"

# Check .env file
# Pastikan private key tanpa "0x" di awal
PRIVATE_KEY=abc123...  # ✅ Benar
PRIVATE_KEY=0xabc123...  # ❌ Salah

Error: "Insufficient funds"

# Dapatkan testnet ETH dari faucet
# Check balance di MetaMask

Error: "Network not configured"

# Check hardhat.config.ts
# Pastikan network name sesuai dengan --network flag

Apa yang Sudah Dipelajari

Setup Professional:

✅ Install Hardhat 3 (versi terbaru 2025)
✅ Buat TypeScript project dengan ESM
✅ Konfigurasi Sepolia testnet
✅ Secure private keys dengan dotenv

Development Workflow:

✅ Compile contracts dengan optimization
✅ Deploy menggunakan Hardhat Ignition
✅ Verify di block explorer
✅ Interact dengan TypeScript scripts

Modern Features:

✅ Viem library (modern alternative ethers.js)
✅ TypeScript type safety
✅ Plugin architecture
✅ Chain descriptors

Langkah Selanjutnya

Setelah menguasai Hardhat, lanjut ke:

Writing Tests - Buat automated tests untuk contracts
Token Standards - Deploy ERC-20, ERC-721 tokens
Advanced Deployment - Multi-contract deployments
Gas Optimization - Optimize contract untuk hemat gas
Security Auditing - Best practices & common vulnerabilities

Resources

Ready to build with Hardhat 3! 🚀

Mengapa Menggunakan Hardhat?​

Prerequisites (Yang Dibutuhkan)​

1. Install Node.js​

2. Install Code Editor​

Setup Hardhat 3 Project​

Step 1: Buat Folder Project​

Step 2: Install Hardhat​

Step 3: Initialize Hardhat Project​

Step 4: Struktur Project​

Step 5: Bersihkan Sample Files​

Konfigurasi untuk Testnet​

Step 6: Install Dependencies Tambahan​

Step 7: Setup Environment Variables​

Step 8: Konfigurasi Hardhat untuk Testnet​

Buat dan Deploy Smart Contract Pertama​

Step 9: Buat Smart Contract Sederhana​

Step 10: Compile Contract​

Step 11: Buat Deployment Script​

Step 12: Dapatkan Testnet ETH​

Step 13: Deploy ke Sepolia Testnet!​

Step 14: Verify Contract di Block Explorer​

Interact dengan Contract​

Step 15: Buat Interaction Script​

Hardhat Commands Cheat Sheet​

Best Practices​

Security​

Code Quality​

Project Structure​

Troubleshooting​

Error: "Module not found"​

Error: "Invalid private key"​

Error: "Insufficient funds"​

Error: "Network not configured"​

Apa yang Sudah Dipelajari​

Langkah Selanjutnya​

Resources​

Mengapa Menggunakan Hardhat?

Prerequisites (Yang Dibutuhkan)

1. Install Node.js

2. Install Code Editor

Setup Hardhat 3 Project

Step 1: Buat Folder Project

Step 2: Install Hardhat

Step 3: Initialize Hardhat Project

Step 4: Struktur Project

Step 5: Bersihkan Sample Files

Konfigurasi untuk Testnet

Step 6: Install Dependencies Tambahan

Step 7: Setup Environment Variables

Step 8: Konfigurasi Hardhat untuk Testnet

Buat dan Deploy Smart Contract Pertama

Step 9: Buat Smart Contract Sederhana

Step 10: Compile Contract

Step 11: Buat Deployment Script

Step 12: Dapatkan Testnet ETH

Step 13: Deploy ke Sepolia Testnet!

Step 14: Verify Contract di Block Explorer

Interact dengan Contract

Step 15: Buat Interaction Script

Hardhat Commands Cheat Sheet

Best Practices

Security

Code Quality

Project Structure

Troubleshooting

Error: "Module not found"

Error: "Invalid private key"

Error: "Insufficient funds"

Error: "Network not configured"

Apa yang Sudah Dipelajari

Langkah Selanjutnya

Resources